Pengaruh Alokasi Fotosintat Terhadap Distribusi Jumlah Biji per Polong Tanaman Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) pada 6 Kelompok Genotipe Lokal
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ercis,
genotipe lokal,
jumlah biji per polong tanaman
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Abstract
Indonesia memiliki keragaman tanaman pangan potensial yang cukup tinggi, tanah dan iklim yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman membuat berbagai macam tanaman dapat tumbuh dengan mudah. Salah satu tanaman yang mampu menjadi pangan potensial adalah ercis (Pisum sativum L.). Kebutuhan ercis di Indonesia setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan, namun produksinya masih rendah. Sehingga, perlu dilakukan usaha peningkatan produksi dalam negeri melalui optimalisasi alokasi fotosintat melalui program pemuliaan tanaman dengan cara menekan laju fotorespirasi. Optimalisasi yang dimaksud adalah tanaman mampu mengalokasikan hasil fotosintesis untuk perkembangan polong dan biji daripada untuk pertumbuhan batang. Jumlah biji per polong pada masing-masing kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan. Tujuan dari penelitian mengetahui pengaruh alokasi fotosintat terhadap proporsi jumlah biji per polong tanaman pada kelompok genotipe yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Terdapat perbedaan morfometrik polong dan biji. Distribusi jumlah biji per polong pada masing-masing kelompok. Terdapat dua macam tipe distribusi biji dalam polong. Tipe pertama, yaitu biji pada polong yang berada di segmen atas akan lebih sedikit daripada biji pada polong segmen bawah dan tengah. Tipe kedua, yaitu jumlah biji per polong di segmen tengah polong lebih sedikit daripada biji per polong di segmen atas dan bawah polong.
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