Optimasi Penurunan Kadar Ion Logam Timbal (Pb) Pada Simulasi Limbah Cair Electroplating Melalui Proses Elektrokoagulasi Dengan Metode Central Composite Design (CCD)
Keywords:
central composite design (CCD), electroplating, elektrokoagulasi, ion logam berat, logam timbalAbstract
Pencemaran ion logam berat di badan air masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan lingkungan yang serius di Indonesia. Hasil studi Ecoton menunjukkan bahwa sungai-sungai di Indonesia telah terkontaminasi berbagai ion logam berat yang berasal dari aktivitas antropogenik, termasuk kegiatan industri. Salah satu industri yang berpotensi menghasilkan limbah cair mengandung ion logam berat adalah industri electroplating. Industri ini menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengandung ion llogam berat, salah satunya timbal (Pb), yang bersifat beracun sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan perairan jika tidak diolah dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi penurunan kadar ion Pb dalam limbah buatan yang mensimulasikan limbah cair electrolating menggunakan metode elektrokoagulasi dengan elektroda aluminium (Al) sebagai anoda dan elektroda timbal (Pb) sebagai katoda. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan desain Central Composite Design (CCD) melalui variasi pH (5, 7, dan 9), jarak elektroda (1, 2, dan 3 cm), tegangan (6, 9, dan 12 V), serta waktu elektrokoagulasi (30, 45, dan 60 menit). Berdasarkan hasil optimasi kondisi operasi optimum diperoleh pada pH 9, jarak elektroda 3 cm, tegangan 12 V, dan waktu elektrokoagulasi 48 menit, dengan hasil validasi eksperimen pada kondisi optimum sebesar 99,9061%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode elektrokoagulasi mampu menurunkan kadar Pb secara efektif, dengan pH dan waktu elektrokoagulasi sebagai faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi penuran kadar ion logam timbal (Pb2+).
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