Kelimpahan dan Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Air Minum serta Potensi Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Manusia
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kelimpahan,
karakteristik,
air minum kemasan,
air minum isi ulang
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Abstract
Mikroplastik merupakan polutan baru yang saat ini menjadi masalah global yang mengkhawatirkan bagi lingkungan. Mikroplastik adalah partikel plastik dengan ukuran <5 mm. Mikroplastik dapat berasal dari hasil produksi industri atau dari sampah plastik yang mengalami degradasi menjadi potongan-potongan kecil. Tidak hanya terdapat dilingkungan kini mikroplastik ditemukan keberadaannya dalam air minum. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk merangkum keberadaan polutan mikroplastik di dalam air minum baik air minum kemasan maupun air minum isi ulang dan bagaimana dampak yang dihasilkan jika terakumulasi di dalam tubuh. Pada air minum kemasan ditemukan mikroplastik berbentuk fragmen dengan jenis polypropylene (PP) sebanyak 10,4 partikel/L dengan ukuran >100 µm, 335 partikel/L dengan ukuran 6,5-100 µm. Pada air minum isi ulang ditemukan mikroplastik berbentuk fiber dengan jenis High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), dan Polyethylene (PE) sebanyak 159, 130, 67, dan 35 partikel masing-masing berwarna biru, merah, bening, dan kuning. Ditemukan pula mikroplastik pada air minum isi ulang sebanyak 0,8 partikel/L dengan ukuran 1,02-1,49 mm. Jika terakumulasi di dalam tubuh mikroplastik dapat memberikan dampak negatif seperti peradangan pada organ, cedera internal dan/ atau eksternal, transformasi kandungan kimia plastik ke dalam tubuh, gangguan mikroba usus yang menyebabkan penyumbatan saluran usus sehingga mengakibatkan sensasi kenyang semu, stres fisiologis, perubahan pola makan, dan penghambatan pertumbuhan.
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